Potential risk of Pb to children's health from consumption of cow’s milk in areas irrigated with river water contaminated by mining activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.03.08Palabras clave:
estimated daily intake, risk index, health risk, contaminated milk.Resumen
The contamination of food by heavy metals in areas irrigated with contaminated water is of great concern due to the potential risk to human health. To assess the potential risk of Pb to children's health from consumption of cow's milk in an area of the Mantaro Valley during 2018. Fifty-one children exposed to Pb and eight samples of raw cow's milk were selected. Pb concentrations were analyzed with the atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean Pb content in milk was 0.236 ± 0.057 mg.kg-1, which exceeded the limits allowed by the Codex Alimentarius. The estimated daily intake of lead was 5.9 x 10-3 mg.kg-1day-1; the estimated risk index (HQ) was below one, which represents a low risk for children. The cancer risk was below 1.0 x 10-4. It is therefore concluded that there is no significant risk to children's health from consumption of cow's milk.
Biografía del autor/a
Edith Orellana, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
Carolina Bastos, Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Huancayo- Perú.
Bertha Sotelo, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Vicky Sarapura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
María Custodio, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Walter Cuadrado, Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Citas
Andrade, V.M.; Aschner, M.; Marreilha dos Santos, A.P. 2017. Neurotoxicity of Metal Mixtures. Neurotoxicity of metals 18: 227-265.
Belete, T.; Hussen, A.; Rao, V.M. 2014. Determination of concentrations of selected heavy metals in cow ’ s milk : Borena Zone , Ethiopia. Journal of Health Science 4(5): 105-112.
Bortey-Sam, N.; Nakayama, S.M.; Ikenaka, Y.; Akoto, O.; Baidoo, E.; Yohannes, Y.B.; Mizukawa, H.; Ishizuka, M. 2015. Human health risks from metals and metalloid via consumption of food animals near gold mines in Tarkwa, Ghana: Estimation of the daily intakes and target hazard quotients (THQs). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 111: 160-167.
Castro-González, N.P.; Calderón-Sánchez, F.; Castro de Jesús, J.; Moreno-Rojas, R.; Tamariz-Flores, J.V.; Pérez-Sato, M.; Soní-Guillermo, E. 2018. Heavy metals in cow’s milk and cheese produced in areas irrigated with waste water in Puebla, Mexico. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 11(1): 33-36.
Castro-Gonzales, N.P.; Moreno-Rojas, R.; Calde-rón Sánchez, F.; Moreno Ortega, A.; Juárez Meneses, M. 2017. Assessment risk to children’s health due to consumption of cow’s milk in polluted areas in Puebla and Tlaxcala , Mexico. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 10(3): 200-207.
Codex Alimentarius Comission. 2013. Codex Alimentarius. Second edition FAO/WHO. Roma. 74 pp.
Elsaim, M.H.; Ali, Y. 2018. Evaluation of some heavy metals in fresh cow’s milk from different regions of Sudan. American Journal of Applied and Industrial Chemistry 2(2): 8-14.
Hon, K.L.; Fung, C.K.; Leung, A.K. 2017. Childhood lead poisoning: An overview. Hong Kong Medical Journal 23(6): 616-621.
Hu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Ding, Z.; Wang, T.; Lian, H.; Sun, Y.; Wu, J. 2012. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China. Atmos. Environ. 57: 146-152.
Huaranga, M.F.; Méndez, G.E.; Quilcat, L.V.; Huaranga, A.F. 2012. Pollution by heavy metals in the Moche River Basin, 1980 - 2010, La Libertad - Peru. Sci. Agropecu. 3: 235-247.
Huque, R.; Choudhury, T.R.; Khatun, M.A.; Rasul, G.; Munshi, K.; Islam, A.; Islam, M.; Rahman, M.; Quraishi, S.B. 2018. Multi element analysis of cow milk : Geographical origin determi-nation and potential health risk assessment. International J. of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) 3(6): 2131-2139.
IARC - International Agency Research Cancer. 2006. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Inorganic and organic lead compounds (online). Available in: https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/iarc-monographs-on-the-evaluation-of-carcinogenic-risks-to-humans
Islam, S.; Ahmed, K.; Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M. 2015. Metal speciation in soil and health risk due to vegetables consumption in Bangla-desh. Environ Monit Assess 187(5): 288.
Ismail, A.; Riaz, M.; Akhtar, S.; Farooq, A.; Shahzad, M. A.; Mujtaba, A. 2017. Intake of heavy metals through milk and toxicity. Pakistan J. 49(4): 1413-1419.
Ismail, A.; Riaz, M.; Akhtar, S.; Ismail, T.; Ahmad, Z.; Saad Hashmi, M. 2015. Estimated daily intake and health risk of heavy metals by consumption of milk. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B Surveillance 8(4): 2-11.
Kabir, A.; Khan, K.; Khan, I.H.; Jubair, T.; Jhahan, E. 2017. A study of heavy metal presence in cow milk of different dairy farms near Karnafuli paper mills, Chittagong, Bangladesh. American Journal of Engineering Research 6(9): 329-333.
Malhat, F.; Hagag, M.; Saber, A.; Fayz, A. E. 2012. Contamination of cows milk by heavy metal in Egypt. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88(4): 611–613.
Meena, A.; Kaur, R. 2016. Human health risk assessment for heavy metals via intake of contaminated milk and milk products. J. of Applied and Natural Science 8(3): 1603-1610.
Muhib, I.; Alamgir, M.; Chowdhury, Z.; Easha, N.J.; Rahman, M.; Shammi, M.; Kurasaki, M. 2016. Investigation of heavy metal contents in cow milk samples from area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. International J. of Food Contamination 3: 1-10.
Najarnezhad, V.; Jalilzadeh-Amin, G.; Anassori, E.; Zeinali, V. 2015. Lead and cadmium in raw buffalo, cow and ewe milk from west Azerbaijan, Iran. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B Surveillance 8: 2-11.
Norouzirad, R.; González-Montaña, J.; Martínez-Pastor, F.; Hosseini, H., Foroughinia, B.; Fooladi, A. 2018. Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries. Sc. of the Total Environment 635: 308-314.
Paino, S.; Sabia, S.; Ragosta, M.; Anastasio, A.; Caggiano, R.; D’Emilio, M.; Macchiato, M. 2004. Metal levels in fodder, milk, dairy products, and tissues sampled in ovine farms of Southern Italy. Environ. Res. 99: 48–57.
Shaheen, N.; Ahmed, K.; Islam, S. 2016. Health risk assessment of trace elements via dietary intake of non-piscine protein source’ food-stuffs (meat, milk and egg) in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(8): 7794-7806.
Shaheen, N.; Nourin, I.; Islam, S. 2016. Presence of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables: Health risk implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere 152: 431-438.
Sobhanardakani, S. 2018. Human health risk assessment of Cd , Cu , Pb and Zn through consumption of raw and pasteurized cow ’ s milk. Iran J Public Health 47(8): 1172–1180.
Solis, C.; Isaac-Olive, K.; Mireles, A.; Vidal-Hernández, M. 2009. Determination of trace metals in cow’s milk from waste water irrigated areas in Central Mexico by chemical treatment coupled to PIXE. Microchemical Journal 91: 9-12.
USEPA. 2007. Framework for Metals Risk Assessment. EPA 120/R-07/001. Environmental Protection. Edit. EPA. Washington, USA. 172 pp.
WHO. 2010. Exposure to lead: A major public health concern. Preventing disease through healthy environments. Editorial WHO. Geneva, Switzerland. 6 pp.
Received March 31, 2019.
Accepted September 8, 2019.
Corresponding author: mcustodio@uncp.edu.pe (M. Custodio).
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores que publican en esta revista aceptan los siguientes términos:
a. Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho publicación, simultáneamente licenciada bajo una licencia de Creative Commons que permite a otros compartir el trabajo, pero citando la publicación inicial en esta revista.
b. Los autores pueden celebrar acuerdos contractuales adicionales separados para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión publicada de la obra de la revista (por ejemplo, publicarla en un repositorio institucional o publicarla en un libro), pero citando la publicación inicial en esta revista.
c. Se permite y anima a los autores a publicar su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de presentación, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, así como una mayor citación del trabajo publicado (ver efecto del acceso abierto).
